Top 5 Takeaways

1. Significant Reduction in Cases: Human cases of dracunculiasis decreased from 54 in 2019 to 27 in 2020, and further to five in the first half of 2021.
2. Animal Infections: Animal infections, particularly in dogs, have become more prevalent, with 1,601 reported in 2020 and 443 in the first half of 2021.
3. Geographic Concentration: The disease is now confined to six countries: Angola, Chad, Ethiopia, Mali, South Sudan, and importations into Cameroon.
4. Challenges to Eradication: Civil unrest and the presence of infected dogs, especially in Chad, are major obstacles to eradication efforts.
5. Ongoing Surveillance and Interventions: Active surveillance, health education, water filtration, and other interventions continue to be critical in the fight against dracunculiasis.

Original Article Author and Citation

Corresponding Author

Sharon L. Roy, str2@cdc.gov, 404-718-4698

Suggested Citation

Hopkins DR, Weiss AJ, Roy SL, Yerian S, Cama VA. Progress Toward Global Eradication of Dracunculiasis, January 2020–June 2021. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep 2021;70:1527–1533. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15585/mmwr.mm7044a1

Summary

This report details the progress toward the global eradication of dracunculiasis (Guinea worm disease) from January 2020 to June 2021. Human cases have significantly decreased, with only 27 cases reported in 2020 and five in the first half of 2021. However, the emergence of Guinea worm infections in dogs, particularly in Chad, has complicated eradication efforts. The disease is now confined to six countries, and ongoing challenges include civil unrest and the presence of infected dogs. Active surveillance and various interventions remain crucial in the fight against this disease.

Methods

The report is based on data collected from national Guinea Worm Eradication Programs (GWEPs) in affected countries. Monthly case reports were received from supervised volunteers in villages under active surveillance. Laboratory confirmation of specimens was conducted by the CDC. The report also includes provisional DNA analysis and epidemiological studies to understand the transmission dynamics.

Discussion

The reduction in human cases and animal infections suggests progress toward eradication. However, the presence of infected dogs, particularly in Chad, remains a significant challenge. Innovative interventions and research are being conducted to address this issue. The report highlights the need for increased surveillance, proactive containment of dogs, and community education to prevent transmission.

Conclusion

The global eradication of dracunculiasis is within reach, but challenges remain, particularly in Chad. Continued efforts in surveillance, containment, and community education are essential. The support from international organizations and local governments will be crucial in achieving the goal of eradication.

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